Understanding Your Reproductive System
An overview of female reproductive anatomy and physiology
The female reproductive system is a complex network of organs and hormones that work together to enable menstruation, ovulation, and pregnancy. Understanding how these systems function can help you better manage your reproductive health.
Key Components
- Ovaries - produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone
- Fallopian tubes - transport eggs from ovaries to uterus
- Uterus - where a fertilized egg implants and develops
- Cervix - connects the uterus to the vagina
- Vagina - canal that leads from the cervix to the outside of the body
Menstrual Cycle Basics
The four phases of your menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is typically divided into four phases, each characterized by specific hormonal changes and physical symptoms:
Menstrual Phase
The shedding of the uterine lining, resulting in menstrual flow.
Follicular Phase
When follicles in the ovary mature and estrogen levels rise.
Ovulatory Phase
When an egg is released from the ovary into the fallopian tube.
Luteal Phase
Post-ovulation phase when the body prepares for potential pregnancy.
Common Reproductive Health Conditions
Understanding symptoms and treatment options
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
A hormonal disorder causing enlarged ovaries with small cysts.
Endometriosis
Tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus.
Uterine Fibroids
Noncancerous growths in or on the uterus that can cause heavy periods.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
A combination of symptoms that many women get about a week before their period.